Which of the following is NOT a method of product differentiation?

Product differentiation is a strategy used by businesses to distinguish their products from those of competitors, thereby attracting and retaining customers. The goal is to create a perceived value in the minds of consumers that sets a product apart in the marketplace.

Offering exclusivity is a method of product differentiation because it creates a unique value proposition by making a product available only to a limited audience or in limited quantities. This can enhance the desirability of the product among consumers looking for something unique or rare.

Providing superior customer service is also a clear method of differentiation, as exceptional service can elevate the overall experience for the customer, encouraging loyalty and repeat business. When a company emphasizes customer service, it reflects an understanding of the consumers' needs, which can distinguish the brand from competitors that may not prioritize service as highly.

Unique marketing strategies contribute significantly to product differentiation. Creative and innovative marketing efforts can help a product stand out in a crowded market, making it memorable and appealing to consumers. These strategies might include distinctive advertising campaigns, unique brand messaging, or leveraging emerging technologies that capture audience attention.

In contrast, reducing product quality does not serve as a method of product differentiation. Instead, it potentially harms the product's reputation and diminishes consumer trust. When customers perceive a decrease in quality, they